Curiouser and Curiouser, you might say. What do ancient Jerusalem and modern-day New York City have in common? The short answer -- Destruction!
The former was the keystone of the Jewish people, G-d’s home on earth, and was destroyed by the Romans in 70 CE. The latter is the home to the largest Jewish population outside of Israel and will also be destroyed if Zohran Mamdani is elected mayor of New York City in November 2025. To understand the latter, it is essential to understand the former. However, this time destruction will not come from an outside enemy but rather from within. Still, the root cause is the same -- internal strife.
The Hebrew historian Josephus, of the first century, wrote two histories of the Hebrew civil war against Rome and the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple by the Romans in 70 CE. The first was in native Hebrew, and the second in Greek. Josephus ascribed blame for the destruction of Jerusalem to the Jewish warlords rather than to the Romans. He said it was destroyed by internal strife among the Jews, such as Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Sicarii, and Zealots.
Who were these religious and non-religious sects of Judea (Israel)?
PHARISEES: The characteristic doctrines of Pharisees attribute everything to Fate and to G-d. Believing only they can accurately interpret the laws of G-d, they were educated strictly according to the ancestral law, with a deeply conservative interpretation of the Torah (the Five Books of Moses). In the parlance of our day, they were snobs! We don’t know what percentage of the population at the time were Pharisees, but there is no evidence to suggest that they constituted more than a small proportion of the overall population of Judaea (Israel). It should be noted that we are told the Pharisees had frequent controversies and serious differences with the Sadducees from the mid-second century BCE to the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE because the Sadducees denied the validity of non-written traditions.
SADDUCEES: No Sadducee literature survives. Both Jewish and Christian have asserted that Sadducees were secular, Hellenistic, wealthy aristocrats of priestly origin, with links to the High Priests and the Roman administration, and a conservative attitude toward the interpretation of the Torah. Sadducees held that only those regulations should be considered valid which were written down, and that those that were handed down from the tradition of the fathers need not be observed. In other words, biblical fundamentalism. Furthermore, each Sadducee relied on his reading of the sacred text alone. However, their views on the lack of life after death and their doctrine that G-d does not influence the world made it hard to combine their philosophy with most other branches of Judaism.
ESSENES: In marked contrast to the individualist Sadducees were the Essenes, whose communal life was devoted to the study of philosophical ethics. They were Judeans only by ancestry. Sources from that time stress their lifestyle more than their specific doctrine. They may have been the first monastic order. They lived without women! However, a second order of Essenes did marry to ensure the survival of the order. The Essenes believed that Fate is primary and that nothing befalls men unless it is by G-d’s decree. The Essenes did fight against the Romans before the Jerusalem Temple’s destruction, primarily in the north and west of Judea. There is no history of the Essenes' lifestyle surviving after 70 CE.
A ‘FOURTH PHILOSOPHY, aka SICARII, cited by Josephus was dated in origin from 6 CE. No name was given to this philosophy. This school agrees in all respects with the opinions of the Pharisees, except about their passion for liberty. The immediate impact of the philosophy was to foment anti-Roman feeling, or, for that matter, against any other authority. In other words, the Fourth Philosophy advocated political anarchy on religious grounds, provoked by the heavy-handed Roman government, rather than a distinct type of Judaism. It should be noted that one group of the Fourth Philosophy was linked to the defense of the fortress of Masada by the Dead Sea against Roman forces in 74 CE.
ZEALOTS were a group of brigands whose origins date to 68 CE. These Zealots played a major role first in the civil war between the factions in Jerusalem from 68 to 70 CE, and in the final defense of the city against the assault of Roman forces. In 68 CE, they took control of the Temple from the Jewish government led by the Sadducees. It is important to note that only when the Roman forces under Titus began their siege of the city just before Passover in 70 CE did the Zealots agree to cooperate with other Jewish forces against the common enemy (Rome). The Fourth Philosophy and the Zealots left no direct legacy in later forms of Judaism.
It is clear that by the first century CE, numerous Jewish groups with strikingly different understandings of Judaism coexisted in Judaeo society. For most Jews, the Jerusalem Temple provided a unifying force, and there can be no doubt that Pharisees and Sadducees shared in the Temple services both as priests and lay people, despite their different theology and practical issues. However, in the New York City 2025 mayoral race, no such unifying force has yet to emerge from the Democratic Party candidates to defeat Mr. Mamdani.
The reasons for the outbreak of revolt in 66 CE, after some sixty years of direct Roman rule, are much debated; however, the primary source of the period, Josephus pointed out that tactless Roman governors had provoked disturbances in the years before the revolt.
The debate about who was responsible for the destruction of the Temple depends on where you sit. According to Josephus, after news reached Rome of Jerusalem’s and the Temple’s unforgivable destruction, ‘Caesar (Nero) maintained that he had offered the Jews peace, self-government, and an amnesty for all past offenses, and the Jews had deliberately chosen sedition rather than unity, war rather than peace.’ That was Rome’s version. The Jews say it was Rome. And not to be left out, in later years, the Christians said it was G-d, for the killing of his son Jesus. Indeed, where you stand is where you sit.
That was then.
This is now.
Today, we are witnesses to internal strife in New York City. By that, I refer to conflict or disagreement occurring within the Democratic Party candidates for New York City mayor. It has manifested as fighting and quarreling among members of New York’s Democrats, as well as the nation’s Democratic Party high muck-a-mucks, thus leading to our current situation where three factions within the same entity struggle for dominance. This state of affairs can encompass a range of situations, from peaceful protests to violent conflicts. Yet, only one faction fights (Mamdani) while the others cower (Schumer).
However, the most egregious element is the candidacy of Zohan Mamdani. Mamdani is a 33-year-old “nepo baby” who has been a three-term State Assemblyman (6 years), with no actual real-world experience or accomplishments. However, more concerning is his leftist/socialist/communist political philosophy.
What are we to make of the disconcerting banality proffered by Mr. Mamdani. Mr. Mamdani’s bizarre political platform includes: defunding the police; free government-run grocery stores; mega taxes on the rich (rich has not been defined); supporting the global intifada; anti-Semitism, et al. His policies are supported not by evidence, but are based on the conviction that the narrative itself provides the evidence! I would posit that Mr. Mamdani’s bankrupt socialist policies are not supported by any empirical evidence except for failure.
Liberalism, aka Socialism/Communism, is the developed form of political and social organization that has become widespread in twenty-first-century American urban centers, and that has become the foundation of the Democratic Party, Academia, and the Mainstream Media, et al. Mr. Mandami is not so much its leader as a by-product of a broken Democratic Party. A duplicitous system where the ambition for power lurks behind the assertion of values.
This is foisted by the exaggerated perception generated by the left that it is for “the people” or to save freedom and democracy. Bull Shit! Useful idiots, a small minority of the public, are paid to participate in well-coordinated street demonstrations, which are used to falsely provide “evidence” for the abstraction called “popular” support. Ironically, it is the same liberal left and their bankrupt socialist ideology that created society's deplorable urban conditions, such as crime and homelessness, and its concomitant urban deprivation.
I would proffer that if Mr. Mamdani is elected, fighting, crime, and lawlessness, between the people of the City of New York, would occur, who will take the opportunity of the city’s mismanagement to give vent to past frustrations and lamentations of victimhood. The perpetuation of past victimhood, much repeated by the Left, will inevitably end up conflicting with someone else's victimhood, leading to petty disputes, repression, or worse.
Another problem with the constant repetition of Liberal falsehoods is that they inevitably become mixed up with half-truths and even downright lies, so that it is often impossible to understand the truth. If society cannot agree on the cause of a problem, then society will never be able to solve the problem. For example, inflammatory words used by the Liberal Left to justify an issue such as “Holocaust,” Concentration Camp,” “Racism,” and “Genocide” are bandied about without thought of what their actual meaning is, only to incite civil unrest.
Those like Zohan Mamdani who wish to promote hatred and resentment for their own gain, always try to distort the truth: they take past events out of context; they blame their opponents with falsifications and fabrications; and they try to convince others that historical problems continue today, such as racism.
Have no doubt, the 2025 New York City mayoral election is a serious matter not just for New York, but for the American nation.
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The following is a list of references used in this essay:
1.Martin Goodman, ‘Josephus’s The Jewish War: A Biography.’Princeton University Press (2019);
2.Martin Goodman, ‘A HISTORY OF JUDAISM,’ Princeton University Press / Princeton and Oxford (2018);
3.Martin Goodman, ‘ROME and JERUSALEM: The Clash of Ancient Civilization,’ Vintage Books, A Division of Random House, INC. New York (2007);
4.Francois Furet, ‘Interpreting the French Revolution,’ Cambridge University Press (1978).]